Understanding the complete function of P53 is still a work in progress because of the inherent complexity involved in between P53 and its target proteins. These multiple levels of regulation enable P53 to perform diversified roles in many cell responses. Thus under mild metabolic stress, P53 contributes to the cell’s ability to adapt to and survive the stress. P53 also regulates many metabolic pathways of glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. P53 can induce apoptosis in a genetically unstable cell by interacting with many pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors.įurthermore, P53 can activate autophagy, which also plays a role in tumour suppression. Apoptosis is essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis and tumour suppression. P53 plays a crucial role in supporting DNA repair by arresting the cell cycle to purchase time for the repair system to restore genome stability. It controls several genes that play a role in the arrest of the cell cycle, cellular senescence, DNA repair system, and apoptosis. In response to a variety of cellular stress such as genotoxic stress, ischemic stress, oncogenic expression, P53 acts as a sensor, and suppresses tumour development by promoting cell death or permanent inhibition of cell proliferation. We used electronic databases like PubMed and Google Scholar for literature search. We also discussed important P53-reactivation strategies that can play a crucial role in cancer therapy and the role of P53 in various diseases. In this review, we discuss the recent advancements in P53 research with particular focus on the role of P53 in DNA damage responses, apoptosis, autophagy, and cellular metabolism.
The majority of the human cancer cells exhibit the inactivation of the P53 pathway. The tumour-suppressing activity of P53 plays a principal role in the cellular response to stress. The TP53 gene, encoding P53 protein, is one of the many widely studied genes in human cells owing to its multifaceted functions and complex dynamics.
This study showed better adhesion and growth of endothelial cells in the vessel's inner wall.Cells have evolved balanced mechanisms to protect themselves by initiating a specific response to a variety of stress. The absence of cytotoxicity in this system was investigated, and these nanofibers with the drug showed 91% cell survival after seven days. Also, the MTT dialysis bag was used to release the Heparin and toxicity of the produced nanofibers. Also, the obtained fibers were miscible and had no fuzzy separation. The prepared nanofibers were examined for morphology (FT-IR, SEM, and XRD). gossypinus coating (3%)/gelatin by electrospinning method with two-phase voltage 16.5 kW-distance needle up to 18 cm collector feed rate 0.2 was prepared. Therefore, nanofibers of chitosan complex (2%)/polyurethane (14.5%)/cow protein (1%)/gelatin (20%) with A. This study was to load the anticoagulant drug heparin on nanofibers. This study aimed to synthesize electrospun of polyurethane/chitosan/ Vicia ervilia protein/gelatin/heparin-coated with Astragalus gossypinus scaffold for cardiovascular tissue engineering. With the increasing number of patients with heart disease and the relative inefficiency of existing treatments, finding a new way to treat heart disease is one of the main topics studied by researchers in recent decades.
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